Unbiased Reviews by Real People
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Unbiased Reviews by Real People
THE ULTIMATE 10 PAGE REPORT ON AUSTRALIAJun 10, 2004 Write an essay on this topic.
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The Bottom Line EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT AUSTRALIA
Australia The nickname for Australia is The Land Down Under. It has that nickname because it is under the equator and low then on the globe. It is also called the island continent because Australia is an island and it is a continent. In the 1500's the Spanish found it and called it Unknown Southern Land. In about 1616 the Dutch called it New Holland. Then is 1770 a captain from Britain called captain James Cook called it New South Wales. It began to be called Australia in 1819 because of a British Colonial Office inspector. I could not find what Australia meant. Aborigines were the first inhabitants of Australia. The Aborigines are a type a kind of Indian. They may have reached the continent 65,000 years ago. When the whites came in 1788, about 750,00 Aborigines lived in Australia. In the early history the Aborigines did not invade any one because they were in a island they just fought the tribes within themselves. They had about 500 tribes in Australia. They explored most of Australia. No one invaded them until 1788. Today 200,000 Aborigines live in Australia. They have begun to forget their traditions and culture. Australia got its independence in 1901. They were in many wars like The Boer War, World War 1, World War 2 , The Korean War, and The Vietnam War. The wars have effected the country like World War 1 when the population of men in Australia was 3 million and 400,000 people volunteered for it and only 60,000 came back. In World War 1 400,000 Australians served in the Australian armed forces before the war ended in 1918. About 59,000 Australians died. In World War 2 990,000 people served in the military for the war. 29,000 Australians died. Also in the middle of World War 1 and 2 many Australian financial institutions failed. Many military men and women tried to reconstruct their lives because they were gone for so long. One of the most recent changes in Australia is the change of their money from paper to polymer. Also another development is that in 1998, a constitutional convention voted to make Australia a republic in 2001. The highest point in Australia is 7310 feet at the peak of Mt. Kosciusko. The lowest point is in lake Eyre at 52 feet below sea level. Australia is primarily a flat, low-lying plateau about 600 meters above sea level. It has three major physical regions. They are the huge Western Plateau, the Eastern Highlands and the Central Lowlands. All of Australia is 2,978,147 square miles. Australia is about 11 times the size of Texas. The Western Plateau covers 2/3 of Australia. The region has a higher average elevation than the Central Lowlands, However, most of the land is flat, just like the lowlands. Deserts cover the central part of the Western Plateau. In the south of the plateau is green grass and shrubs. The Western Plateau has two large cities, Perth and Adelaide. The Eastern Highlands includes the highest elevations in Australia. A low plain bordered by beaches and cliffs are along the Pacific coast. There is more rainfall on this coastal plain then anywhere else in Australia. The southeast section of the plain is the most heavily populated area in Australia. The Eastern Highland are also called the Great Dividing Range because the highlands divide the rivers. The Central Lowlands have the lowest elevations in Australia. Most of the region is flat. There are a lot of rivers that flow through the lowlands after heavy rains. Riverbeds far inland are dry most of the year. Most of the parts in the lowlands except the south are too dry or hot for farming. There are no large cities in this part of Australia. 19.1 million people currently live in Australia. The capital of Australia is Sydney. There are 6 states and 2 territories Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. The biggest is New South Wales, the smallest is Northern Territory. The biggest city is Sydney. About 4 million people live there. Then Melbourne with a population of 3.7 million people. Then Melbourne where 3.1 million people live. Nothing boarders it because it is a island except New Zealand which is an island south-east of Australia. 19.1 million people currently live in Australia. The capital of Australia is Sydney. There are 6 states and 2 territories Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. The biggest is New South Wales, the smallest is Northern Territory. The biggest city is Sydney. About 4 million people live there. Then Melbourne with a population of 3.7 million people. Then Melbourne where 3.1 million people live. Nothing boarders it because it is a island except New Zealand which is an island south-east of Australia. The bodies of water in Australia are The Coral Sea, lake Argyle and The Tasman Sea. Australian soils are generally very old. Some are 100 million years. Over this very long time period, these soils have been changed a lot. Rain has leached them for so long that most of the nutrients have disappeared. A feature of much of the Australian landscape is that the surface soil has been removed and deposited over a long period of time. A variety of soil types occurs in Australia. They produce many minerals like rutile, zirconium, alumina, diamonds, lead, uranium, and iron ore. In south west Australia there is the city of Perth. More then 1,500 plant species live in Perth. About 2,800 species there are not found anywhere else. The vegetation in the rest of Australia is mostly hard-leaf evergreen plants and 600 species of eucalyptus trees and 800 species of acacia trees. They are the most common plants in the dry lands and the most common trees in more wet areas. Some animals in Australia are Tasmanian wolf, kangaroos, wallabies, koalas, wombats, platypus, cockatoo, lyrebird, kookaburras and various parrots. There are about 150 species of marsupials in Australia. Marsupial are mammals that give birth to tiny, poorly developed offspring. All the marsupials in Australia have pouches. The marsupials that have pouches have their babies mature in their pouches. The unit of currency in Australia is the Australian dollar. The Australian dollar is divided into 100 cents. The notes (dollars) are $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. The coins are 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c,$1 and $2. The 1c and 2c coins were phased out in 1990. One U.S dollar equals $1.30 in Australian currency. Some of the notes below are printed on paper, others are printed on a thin, flexible polymer (or plastic). The polymer notes are fairly new. The Australian Mint is currently in the process of replacing all the paper money with polymer. The last major change occurred in 1966, when Australia converted from pounds, and shillings and pence to decimal currency (dollars and cents). The $100 features Dame Nellie Melba (1861-1931), world-renowned soprano, and General Sir John Monash (1865-1931), civil engineer and distinguished solider. The $50 note features David Unaipon (1872-1967), Aboriginal writer and inventor, and Edith Cowan (1861-1932) first female Australian politician. The $20 note features the Reverend John Flynn (1880-1951), founder of the Royal Flying Doctor Service, and Mary Reibey (1777-1855) former convict, pioneer businesswoman. The $10 note features A.B. Paterson (1864-1941) poet, author of Waltzing Matilda and Man from Snowy River, and Dame Mary Gilmore (1865-1962) poet and social reformer. The $5 note features Sir Henry Parkes (1815-1896), politician and architect of Australian Federation, and Catherine Spence (1825-1910) writer and feminist. All Australian coins have the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the front. The $2 coin was introduced in 1988 to replace the $2 note. It features an Aboriginal tribal elder, the Southern Cross and native grass trees. The $1 coin was introduced in 1984 to replace the $1 note. It features kangaroos on the reverse side. The reverse of the: 50c coin features Australia's Coat of Arms. 20c coin features the platypus. 10c coin features a male lyrebird dancing. 5c coin features an echidna. Australia's agricultural products are wool, cattle, sheep, pigs, grapes, apples, wheat, canola, potatoes, oats, sugar cane, and milk. This accounts for only 3% of their economy. Australia produces 43% of the world's rutile, 37% of the world's zirconium, 31% of the world's alumina, 20% of the world's diamonds, 22% of the world's ilmenite, 24% of the world's lead, 15% of the world's iron-ore, and 23% of the world's uranium. The mining industry contributes significantly to Australia's economic growth, it puts 5% into their economy. Australia has these manufacturing things. Food, beverage and tobacco manufacturing. Textile, clothing, footwear and leather manufacturing. Wood and paper product manufacturing. Metal product manufacturing. Machinery and equipment manufacturing. All this adds up to 26% of their economy. Most of the rest of the economy is made up of Australia's various service industries. The commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. The nation is governed under a written constitution. The Australian Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and leaves all other government powers to the states. Australia has six states, each with its own government. Each state is responsible for its own administration. But while they are states, the federal government must approve large policy changes. Australia is a constitutional monarchy like the United Kingdoms. The British leader or monarch, Queen Elizabeth the 2nd, is also queen of Australia and the countries head of state. However, the queen has only a small amount of power in Australia. She serves mainly as a symbol of the history between the two countries. The federal government of Australia is officially headed by a governor general, who represents the queen. The queen appoints the governor general on the recommendation of the Australian prime minister. The prime minister, Australia's head of government, is normally responsible only to the majority party. If the party chooses a new leader, that person becomes prime minister. Each Australian state has its own parliament, court system, head of government, and governor. The heads of state governments are called premiers. The governor of each state represents the queen. Australia's states do not work as independently of the federal government as do us in the United States. The Australian states have heavy administrative responsibilities in certain areas, such as local law enforcement, public education, and the building of roads. But the federal government collects nearly all the nation's taxes. Each state receives a share of the federal taxes. There are three courts The High Court of Australia, The Federal Court of Australia, and The Family Court of Australia. The armed forces of Australia consist of the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Air Force, an the Royal Australian Navy. Those three sections make up a group called the Australian Defense Force. the Australian defense force has 70,000 men and women in it. They have free education from ages 6 to 15. There are some private schools. They need to go to school at the age of 6. About 3/4 of the kids go to public schools. The rest of the kids go to Roman Catholic or other private schools. Each Australian state operates its own public school system. Australia has 33 universities. Thirty of these universities are publicly owned, the other three are privately owned. They have one of the highest literacy rates in the world it is 99.0%. Australia has been one of the most popular place to study. Australian has higher standard then us for education because they believe that education is part of their children’s birthright. There is no discrimination between boys and girls. Just like our schools. Most schools encourage parent involvement, just like us. Most Australians enjoy such recreation as visiting with friends, going far a drive or walk, or watching T.V. Outdoor sports are very popular. Many people enjoy diving, surfing, swimming, or boating. Many also play tennis and golf. Team sports are a national pastime. the most popular team sports in Australia are cricket, Australian rules football, rugby, and soccer. Cricket is an English game played with bats and a ball. Most of Australia is Catholic so they have ceremonies like going to church of Sunday. But they do not attend church regularly. They celebrate Christmas as well as some unique holidays for Australia like Australia day, Anzac Day, Melbourne Cup Day, and Harmony Day. ANZAC day is celebrated in Australia on April 25. On this day in 1915, the ANZACs (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) landed at Gallipoli, and suffered the worst defeat in Australian military history. The fallen soldiers of all wars are now commemorated on ANZAC day. Australia Day, January 26, is the biggest day of celebration in the country and is observed as a public holiday in all states and territories. On Australia Day the Australian's celebrate what's great about Australia and being Australian. It's the day to reflect on what they have achieved and what we can be proud of in our great nation. It's the day for them to re-commit to making Australia an even better place for the future. Melbourne Cup day. The Melbourne Cup is the jewel in the crown of Australian horse racing and Melbourne Cup Day is a public holiday in Melbourne. With its prize money of A$4.6 million, the country’s best stayers, as well as racehorses from overseas, are primed for this annual event. The Melbourne Cup is a handicap race with weights set according to an individual horse’s record. There are strict requirements for getting into the race to ensure that only the best stayers with proven records get into the Melbourne Cup. Since 1999, Harmony Day is the national day when all Australians have the opportunity to reflect on and celebrate their diversity as a nation, where cultural, linguistic and religious differences are respected within a framework of shared values and commitment to Australia. Harmony Day is an initiative of the Department of Immigration and Multi cultural and Indigenous Affairs. There are many foods of Australia here are some. Damper is a traditional Australian bread, made without yeast, and commonly made on a campfire in a cast iron camp oven. A Lamington is a chocolate coated cube of sponge cake, rolled in desiccated coconut; usually served with whipped cream and afternoon tea. Pavlova is a confection of sugar and egg white meringue, covered with delicious whipped cream and seasonal fruits. A Anzac Biscuit is a rather hard but crisp biscuit of rolled oats and molasses. Solider's Cake a long keeping boiled fruit cake. Those are some foods of Australia. Anzac Biscuits (Cookies)1 serving. 3/4 c Fine sugar 1 ts Treacle (golden corn syrup) 1/4 lb Butter 1 ts Baking soda 3/4 c Coconut flaked 1 c Oatmeal 3/4 c Plain flour 2 tb Boiling water In saucepan place butter, treacle, soda, sugar and mix with boiling water. Bring slowly to boil, remove and add dry ingredients. Mix well. Place spoonfuls about 3 inches apart on well greased cookie tray. Bake at 275F about 25 min. The most interesting thing about doing this report was that I found out that Australia’s new money is made out of polymer or plastic. The hardest part of this report was looking up all the information. The most fun part was drawing the flag and learning about Australia. I think I did well with my paper and the information in it. I would have used the internet less and used the encyclopedia more. I would tell others to look at an encyclopedia first for information. Nabhan, Marty. Australia. Florida: The Rourke Corporation, Inc, 1990. Heinrichs, Ann. Australia: Enchantment of the world. Canada: Children’s Press , 1998 —. Geography: The World and its People. Ohio: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 1998 World Book Millennium 2000 1A. Michigan: World Book, Inc, 2000 http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~MidLink/Australia.html  |
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